Carotid Artery Stenosis
Carotid arteries are those arteries in the neck which carry blood to the brain. Stenosis refers to the narrowing of some body structure, so basically carotid artery stenosis is the state when there occurs narrowing of the carotid artery. The narrowing occurs because of plaque in the blood vessel, which in turn is caused by accumulation of fats, cholesterol in the inner lining of the the artery. Carotid artery stenosis is also referred to as carotid artery disease. We also have an interesting fact to state that people who get strokes due to carotid artery stenosis receive a warning in the form of transient ischemic attack. It is a condition where there is temporary loss or impairment of speaking ability. Generally a patient recovers in about 24 hours after the condition.
Regarding the symptoms, we hereby mention 4 of the potent ones -
1. TIA or transient aschemic attacks
2. Strokes
3. RIND or Reversible ischemic neurological deficit
4. Amaurosis fugax or Temporary loss of vision or graying out of vision in one eye
Diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis can be done through a variety of methods. Some of the most popular ones are Doppler Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), Computer Tomography (CT) Angiogram, Cerebral Angiogram, Oculoplethysmography.
Now let us come to the treatment options available, most doctors prefer that repair of the artery that got damaged should be done if it gets narrowed by 60 %. But before doing any kind of surgery the patient should be both mentally and physically prepared to handle the situation and also you should always take advice from a trusted and experienced doctor. Most importantly the treatment of carotid artery stenosis depends on the severity of your condition. In patients whose narrowing of the artery is more than 70% Carotid Endarterectomy a type of surgery where the plaque is surgically removed had given good results. Those patients whose narrowing of the artery is less than 50% doctors generally suggest for anti-clotting medicines.
================================
Cervical Cancer Causes
Cervix is the portion where the vagina and the uterus meet. The cervical cancer occurs near this area only. The growth of the cervical cancer is not a sudden development, it slowly develops and the symptoms too start to show gradually. Usually the onset of the caner is without any symptoms. It takes more than 3-4 years to develop and then the symptoms too start showing.
The cells of the cervix due to the main cause of the cancer start growing abnormally and slowly deteriorate and form cancer cells. They are mostly the squamous cells of the cervix that grow. That is they grow when they are exposed to viruses called HPV which is termed as the most deadly cervical cancer causes.
The following symptoms take place in cervical cancer -
1. Bleeding from vagina after intercourse or between the monthly periods.
2. Discharge of pink watery fluids from the vagina that smells really different from the bacterial smell or the normal white discharge.
3. Vaginal bleeding even after having menopause.
4. Burning sensation while urinating, vaginal pain etc are also the symptoms that are seen in most cases.
A greater percentage of women suffering from cervical cancer are infected with HPV or Human Papillomavirus that have almost 80 strains. Most of the viruses are sexually transmitted, while some of them are due to genetically malfunctions. Its been termed as the main cause of the cancer that slowly develops. The virus infests the body when the immune system of the woman becomes weak and cannot resist the growth of the viruses. If a woman is infected with HIV virus, there is greater risk of developing the cancer, since with HIV, the body loses its power of antibodies. To engage in sex before the age of 18, or having many partners for sex or having intercourse with a man having multiple sex partners is termed as the main cervical cancer causes.
=======================
Cervical Cerclage
Pregnancy has been a complicated birth process and still the branch of medical science of gynecology considers it a broad branch of study. While a woman is pregnant, many changes do occur in her body and she faces many complications and change in the body structure.
The implantation of the baby takes place in the womb or the uterus. The cervix act as the protecting cover forming a mucus membrane in the cervix. The cervix acts as rigid support and keep the baby inside the womb till its mature to get delivered.
Cervical complication of the cervix arises when it weakens and opens early to give birth to a premature baby. To make the cervix hold the baby, the doctor performs cervical cerclage. A cerclage is recommended to prevent the early changes of the cervix when a woman is pregnant. The cerclage is recommended with some factors associated with the history of the women with previous miscarriages, having cone biopsy, or having a damaged cervix.
Cervical cerclage is a surgery carried out to protect the baby from premature birth in which the cervix is sewn closed so that it doesn't open up and the baby slides down. A band of tighten threads are stitched around the cervix of the womb so that it holds the cervix firmly. The best time for cervical cerclage preferred is in third month of the pregnancy. However, a woman may also need cerclage at later stage of her pregnancy and its called emergency cerclage. This becomes necessary if suddenly the cervix is felt to weaken or open too much.
In USA almost 75% of cervical cerclages have success rate. Its a must for every women with incompetent cervix to hold on the baby. But unfortunately the diagnosis of a cervical cerclage is not accurate and is one of the difficult diagnoses.
===================
Cervical Dilation
Pregnancy has been so complicated birth process that till now medical science considers it broad branch of study. Cervical dilation is the term used for the opening of cervix for child birth. Giving birth to a baby is something a process for which the whole human race has to owe a debt to womanhood for the continuance of life in this world.
The pain and patience a woman bears for giving birth to a child is in fact a deed of salute and respect. While she impregnated, many changes do occur in her body and she faces many complications and change in the body structure. The baby just before labor is quite large to come out from the mother's womb. The vagina and the cervix in normal state doesn't have the opening more than 2-4 cm. While the baby develops inside the uterus, the cervix also tends to get prepared for delivery of the baby from the womb. The opening of cervix rather I say the stretch of the cervix is called cervical dilation.
While the baby develops inside the womb, the uterine contractions cause the cervix to open by six centimeters, and during the time of labor or delivery the pressure from the existing baby coming out and the uterine contraction together cause the cervix to dilate unto ten centimeters. This is called the complete dilation of cervix and the baby comes out normally. In this process the cervical lines also thin down which is called effacement. One very interesting thing happens in the cervix to protect the baby from bacteria entering the uterus. A thick layer of mucus forms at the mouth of the cervix called a plug. Just before hours of delivery the mucus descends and come out from the vagina accompanied by labor pain.
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق